Finding the right press requires consideration of a number of factors, with the choice between two digital printing technologies – inkjet and electrophotography (toner) – the first step.
Julie Cross, DP Technical Director at Domino Printing Sciences (Domino), takes a closer look at both technologies to support informed decision-making on which press may be best suited to different businesses’ needs.
Inkjet printing technology
Inkjet printing was invented in the 1950s and uses software, hardware, and printing ink to reproduce digital images on a substrate. The process involves deconstruction of the artwork into a pattern of dots, which is then recreated by printhead nozzles, placing ink droplets onto the substrate.
Colour digital inkjet printing presses use multiple printheads and nozzles to dispense different coloured inks into a single, seamless design. Inks are composed of colour pigments suspended in a carrier liquid, which are blended on the substrate to recreate a wide variety of different colours and tones.
Thanks to the capability to precisely control ink drop size, digital inkjet printing allows for the production of finely detailed designs, such as smooth gradients, micro print, and detailed Asian characters. Ink composition, viscosity, drop speed, and substrate absorption properties are all factors that affect ink laydown and colour blending.
In UV inkjet printing, inks are partially set in place by a pinning lamp during the print process and then cured to create a durable, high-quality finish.
Toner printing technology
Toner printing – also known as electrophotography – was first developed in 1938. The technique uses software, hardware, and dry or liquid toner to reproduce a digital image on a drum, which is then transferred to the substrate. It is most frequently used commercially in office photocopiers and laser printers.
Colour toner printing is a digital offset printing process: the artwork is converted into colour separations, reproduced as electrostatic fields on an imaging drum. Electrically charged toner particles are drawn to these fields, creating single-colour images.
The toner formulation, as well as the contact printing and fusing process, mean that toner doesn’t penetrate the substrate to maximise adhesion. Therefore, toner labels often require varnish or lamination to ensure durability. The limited bonding of toner with the substrate also means that not all substrates are suitable for toner printing. Synthetic substrates, for example, require pre-treatment to ensure toner adhesion.
Evaluating performance
While both inkjet and toner printing technology have their merits and deliver high print quality, in printing houses where both technologies are available, converters often prefer UV digital inkjet printing. There are several reasons:
OEMs require brand-compliant colour representation in all their labels.
As a non-contact printing technology, inkjet offers excellent print colour consistency, with a high tolerance for fluctuating environmental factors, such as changes in temperature and humidity.
In contrast, changes in temperature and humidity are more likely to affect the reliability of the static charge in toner print technology, negatively impacting print colour consistency.
Print durability
A UV digital inkjet printing process delivers consistent ink curing, with good adhesion to a wide range of substrates, creating a finish that offers long-term durability. After curing, UV inkjet labels are resistant to scuffing and scratching, offer good tolerance to environmental factors such as exposure to heat, water, and chemicals, and have high lightfastness.
This durability is achieved without additional coatings such as varnish or lamination, typically needed with toner printing. Converters with access to both technologies can, therefore, save money on more demanding applications by opting for inkjet labels.
Productivity
Both the inkjet and toner printing systems on the market today are capable of running at high speeds. However, digital inkjet printing technology has an inherent capacity to run faster, as it doesn’t need physical contact with the substrate to produce an image. With most inkjet presses it is possible to increase printing speed by lowering the print resolution, with analysts predicting higher speeds maintaining high resolution will be possible as printhead technology progresses [Ref:2].
Speed improvements are more difficult to achieve with toner print technology, as speed often depends on the toner particle size, coverage, and number of colours used – affecting the transfer speed and required fusing time.
Cleaning & maintenance
Regular cleaning of printing components ensures consistent print quality and avoids unwanted transfer.
Inkjet press maintenance tasks such as nozzle cleaning and capping and printhead alignment and registration can be readily automated with onboard tools, whereas cleaning and re-calibrating a toner press can be a more time-consuming affair, requiring a skilled operator.
Smithers’ The Future of Packaging to 2026 analysis reports typically lower uptime for converters using toner versus inkjet printing technology, affecting overall productivity and ROI.
Cost of ownership
Cost of ownership is another key consideration for converters, and consumables account for a large share of the regular running cost.
Converters having access to both technologies often use their toner press when producing labels with high coverage, as the ‘click charge’ – a flat rate charged for each rotation of the imaging drums as part of their lease to cover maintenance and consumable cost – remains the same, regardless of how much toner is applied, making toner the more economical option. However, inkjet is often the preferred option for applications with average or low coverage, as ink cost is lower for these applications.
Conclusion
While both technologies have their merits, based on the comparison above, inkjet seems the better choice for a label converter looking to the future. However, before making a final choice, it is important for any converter to engage with a print technology provider to explore the needs of their customers’ label applications.
An expert provider will be able to run customised demonstrations using bespoke sample files so that converters can discover the advantages of inkjet printing, witness the ease of operation of the presses, and take a closer look at the excellent print quality of the inkjet label samples produced.
[1: Smithers. The Future of Digital Print for Packaging to 2026. 2021]
[2: Smithers. The Future of Digital Print for Packaging to 2026. 2021. p71]
ENDS
Disclaimers
Inks
The information contained in this document is not intended as a substitute for undertaking appropriate testing for your specific use and circumstances. Neither Domino UK Limited nor any of Domino’s group of companies is in any way liable for any reliance that you may put on this document with regards to the suitability of any ink for your particular application. This document does not form part of any terms and conditions between you and Domino, Legal Disclaimers v.1.0 February 2018 and Domino’s Terms and Conditions of sale, and in particular the warranties and liabilities contained within them, shall apply to any purchase of products by you.
General
Information contained within this press release is considered to be true and correct at the date of publication by Domino, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact the accuracy of the information. All performance related figures and claims quoted in this document were obtained under specific conditions and may only be replicated under similar conditions. For specific product details, you should contact your Domino Sales Advisor. This document does not form part of any terms and conditions between you and Domino.
Imagery
Images may include optional extras or upgrades. Print quality may differ depending on consumables, printer, substrates, and other factors. Images and photographs do not form any part of any terms and conditions between you and Domino.
Videos
This video is illustrative only and may include optional extras. Performance figures obtained under specific conditions; individual performance may vary. Errors and downtime on production lines may be unavoidable. Nothing in this video forms part of any contract between you and Domino.
Notes to Editors:
About Domino
Digital Printing Solutions is a division within Domino Printing Sciences. The company, founded in 1978, has established a global reputation for the development and manufacture of digital inkjet printing technologies, as well as its worldwide aftermarket products and customer services. Its services for the commercial print sector include digital inkjet printers and control systems designed to deliver solutions for a complete range of labelling, corrugated, and variable printing applications.
All of Domino’s printers are designed to meet the high-speed, high-quality demands of commercial printing environments, bringing new capabilities to numerous sectors, including labelling, corrugated, publications and security printing, transactional, packaging converting, plastic cards, tickets, game cards and forms, as well as the direct mail and postal sectors.
Domino employs over 3,000 people worldwide and sells to more than 120 countries through a global network of 29 subsidiary offices and more than 200 distributors. Domino’s manufacturing facilities are located in China, Germany, India, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and the USA.
Domino became an autonomous division within Brother Industries Ltd. on 11th June 2015.
For further information on Domino, please visit www.domino-printing.com
For more information, please contact:
Kathrin Farr
Content Executive and Copywriter
Domino Printing Sciences
Tel: +44 (0) 1954 782551
Kathrin.Farr@domino-uk.com
Jade Taylor-Salazar
PR and Content Manager
Domino Printing Sciences
Tel: +44 (0) 1954 778780
Jade.Taylor-Salazar@domino-uk.com
